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The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...
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Universal access to medicines: evidence from Rajasthan, India.

Sakthivel Selvaraj1, Indranil Mukhopadhyay1, Preeti Kumar1

  • 1Public Health Foundation of , New Delhi, India.

WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health
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Area of Science:

  • Health Policy
  • Public Health
  • Pharmaceutical Policy

Background:

  • India aims for universal health coverage, with states implementing supportive strategies.
  • Rajasthan launched a universal access to medicines program in 2011.
  • The program utilizes a centralized procurement and decentralized distribution model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the implications of universal access to essential medicines in Rajasthan.
  • Evaluate the impact on a population of 70 million.
  • Analyze the scheme's effect on health system efficiency and service delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Multistage random sampling of 112 public healthcare facilities.
  • Analysis of National Sample Survey Organization data.
  • Review of health system data and pre- and post-reform expenditure.

Main Results:

  • Per capita health expenditure increased from ₹5.7 to approximately ₹50.
  • Essential medicine availability improved, and public facility utilization rose.
  • An additional per capita investment of ₹43 led to service delivery improvements and enhanced system efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Rajasthan's universal access to medicines program has significantly improved essential medicine availability and public facility utilization.
  • The scheme demonstrates positive strides in universal health coverage dimensions.
  • Civil society resistance successfully maintained the program's universality against targeted reform attempts.