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Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

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Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...
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Sphingopyxis solisilvae sp. nov., isolated from forest soil.

Dhiraj Kumar Chaudhary1, Ram Hari Dahal1, Jaisoo Kim1

  • 1Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, Republic of Korea.

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
|June 15, 2017
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Summary

A novel bacterium, Sphingopyxis solisilvae R366T, was isolated from South Korean forest soil. Phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses confirm it represents a new species within the Sphingopyxis genus.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacteriology
  • Taxonomy

Background:

  • The genus Sphingopyxis comprises various bacterial species found in diverse environments.
  • Accurate taxonomic classification is crucial for understanding microbial diversity and ecological roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize a novel bacterium from forest soil.
  • To determine the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties of the isolate.
  • To formally propose a new species within the genus Sphingopyxis.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and cultivation of bacteria from forest soil.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for phylogenetic placement.
  • Determination of phenotypic characteristics (growth conditions, morphology).
  • Chemotaxonomic analyses (respiratory quinones, polar lipids, fatty acids).
  • Genomic DNA G+C content determination.
  • DNA-DNA hybridization for relatedness studies.

Main Results:

  • A yellow-colored, Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain R366T) was isolated.
  • Strain R366T exhibited tolerance to a wide range of temperatures (15-42°C), pH (6.0-10.0), and NaCl concentrations (0-4%).
  • Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed highest similarity to Sphingopyxis italica (98.72%).
  • Chemotaxonomic data (ubiquinone-10, spermidine, specific polar lipids and fatty acids) and a G+C content of 65.1% were consistent with the genus Sphingopyxis.
  • DNA-DNA relatedness values were below the threshold for species delineation with closely related species.

Conclusions:

  • Strain R366T possesses distinct phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic features.
  • The combined data support the classification of strain R366T as a novel species.
  • The name Sphingopyxis solisilvae sp. nov. is proposed for this new species.