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Protein Modification by Endogenously Generated Lipid Electrophiles: Mitochondria as the Source and Target.

William N Beavers1, Kristie L Rose1, James J Galligan1

  • 1A.B. Hancock Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Chemistry, ‡Biochemistry, §Pharmacology, ∥Biomedical Informatics, ⊥Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.

ACS Chemical Biology
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PubMed
Summary

Oxidative stress causes lipid electrophile damage to proteins. This study reveals mitochondria are key sources and targets of this damage during inflammation, impacting membrane and mitochondrial proteins.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

  • Lipid electrophiles cause protein damage during oxidative stress.
  • Identifying protein targets of endogenous electrophiles is crucial for understanding disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a systems-level survey of proteins adducted by endogenously generated lipid electrophiles during inflammation.
  • To elucidate the role of mitochondria in the generation and targeting of lipid electrophiles.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of ω-alkynyl linoleic acid into macrophage phospholipids.
  • Activation of macrophages and subsequent protein extraction.
  • Application of click chemistry and streptavidin affinity capture for target identification.

Main Results:

  • Identified a significant enrichment of membrane and mitochondrial proteins as targets for lipid electrophile adduction.
  • Demonstrated that MitoTEMPO significantly reduced adduction, highlighting the role of mitochondrial superoxide.
  • Revealed mitochondria as both a source and target of lipid electrophiles, a novel finding.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria play a critical role in generating and being targeted by lipid electrophiles during inflammation.
  • This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced cellular damage.
  • Findings suggest mitochondria are central players in lipid electrophile-mediated protein damage.