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Microtubule Regulation and Function during Virus Infection.

Mojgan H Naghavi1, Derek Walsh2

  • 1Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

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|June 16, 2017
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Viruses hijack cellular microtubules (MTs) for transport and replication. This review explores how viruses alter MT dynamics and organization, impacting infection outcomes.

Keywords:
cytoskeletonmicrotubule-associated proteinsmicrotubulesnucleationplus-end-tracking proteinsvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Virology
  • Cytoskeleton Dynamics

Background:

  • Microtubules (MTs) are dynamic cytoskeletal filaments crucial for intracellular transport, organelle organization, and cell shape.
  • MTs nucleate from organizing centers and exhibit growth, pause, and catastrophe phases, adapting to the cellular environment.
  • Specialized MT-associated proteins (MAPs) and plus-end-tracking proteins (+TIPs) regulate MT behavior and organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of microtubule (MT) filaments themselves in viral intracellular transport and infection.
  • To highlight how viruses manipulate MTs and their regulatory proteins for replication and spread.
  • To explore how virus- or host-induced changes in MTs affect infection outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the interaction between viruses and microtubule filaments.
  • Analysis of how viral pathogens utilize the host cell's microtubule network.
  • Examination of the regulatory mechanisms governing MT dynamics in the context of viral infection.

Main Results:

  • Viruses utilize MTs as tracks for intracellular transport of viral particles to replication sites.
  • Viral and host factors can alter MT organization and dynamics, influencing viral lifecycle.
  • Changes in MT stability and spatial arrangement are critical for efficient viral replication and dissemination.

Conclusions:

  • Microtubule filaments are essential components of the viral intracellular lifecycle, beyond their motor protein interactions.
  • Understanding MT dynamics and regulation by viruses offers insights into novel antiviral strategies.
  • The interplay between viruses and the host MT network significantly impacts infection progression and outcome.