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Vaccinations01:51

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons
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Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

Published on: August 23, 2016

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Revisiting Zika (and Rubella).

Adolfo Martinez-Palomo1

  • 1Center for Advanced Studies, Molecular Pathogenesis, Avenida IPN 2508, 01030, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. amartine@cinvestav.mx.

Journal of Public Health Policy
|June 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Zika virus may cause newborn brain damage, but more evidence is needed. A Zika virus vaccine could potentially prevent widespread congenital abnormalities, similar to the rubella vaccine success.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The World Health Organization declared Zika virus an epidemic, prompting a review of its effects.
  • Zika virus infection is suspected in numerous cases of newborn brain damage, including microcephaly.
  • The exact causal link between Zika virus in pregnant women and microcephaly in newborns requires further confirmation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on Zika virus infections and their impact on newborns.
  • To assess the prospects for controlling the Zika virus epidemic.
  • To explore potential vaccine development for Zika virus.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and epidemiological data on Zika virus.
  • Analysis of the association between maternal Zika infection and congenital abnormalities.
Keywords:
Zika viruschikungunyadenguemicrocephalyrubella vaccine

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  • Historical comparison with vaccine success for other viral diseases.

    • Main Results:

    • Zika virus infections are a potential cause of microcephaly and other newborn brain damage.
    • A definitive association between confirmed maternal Zika cases and newborn microcephaly is still under investigation.
    • Past success with the rubella vaccine offers a hopeful precedent for Zika virus control.

    Conclusions:

    • Further research is crucial to establish a clear link between Zika virus and microcephaly.
    • Vaccine development for Zika virus holds significant promise for preventing congenital abnormalities.
    • Controlling the Zika virus epidemic may be achievable through vaccination, mirroring rubella syndrome eradication.