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Fatigue

Fatigue

Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.

Temperature Dependent Deformation

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials

The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode

Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode

Published on: March 7, 2018

Cyclic deformation and fatigue data for Ti-6Al-4V ELI under variable amplitude loading.

Patricio E Carrion¹, Nima Shamsaei¹, Robert D Moser²

¹Laboratory for Fatigue & Additive Manufacturing Excellence (FAME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.

|June 16, 2017

Summary

This study provides experimental fatigue data for Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) under complex, non-constant cyclic loading conditions. The findings are crucial for understanding material behavior in real-world applications.

Keywords:

Block-loading Cyclic deformation Fatigue Periodic overload Strain-life Titanium

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Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode

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Published on: March 7, 2018

Applying Dynamic Strain on Thin Oxide Films Immobilized on a Pseudoelastic Nickel-Titanium Alloy

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Published on: July 28, 2020

Environmentally-controlled Microtensile Testing of Mechanically-adaptive Polymer Nanocomposites for ex vivo Characterization

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Published on: August 20, 2013

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Fatigue Analysis

Background:

Titanium alloys like Ti-6Al-4V ELI are critical in aerospace and biomedical fields.
Understanding their fatigue behavior under variable amplitude loading is essential for structural integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

To present comprehensive strain-based experimental data for Ti-6Al-4V ELI under non-constant amplitude cyclic loading.
To characterize the material's response to various complex loading histories.

Main Methods:

Uniaxial strain-controlled fatigue experiments were performed.
Loading conditions included two-level block loading (high-low, low-high), periodic overload, and variable amplitude loading.
Data collected included cyclic stress-strain response (hysteresis loops) and peak/valley stress-strain values.

Main Results:

Residual fatigue lives were determined for two-level block loading.
Fatigue lives were reported as the number of blocks to failure for periodic overload and variable amplitude tests.
Detailed cyclic stress-strain data were systematically recorded.

Conclusions:

The study provides valuable experimental datasets for Ti-6Al-4V ELI under realistic, non-constant amplitude fatigue conditions.
This data can be used for validating predictive fatigue models and improving component design in demanding applications.