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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to cause outbreaks globally.
  • Current public health and healthcare measures have not fully controlled MERS-CoV transmission.
  • A significant proportion of MERS-CoV patients experience severe illness and fatal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the current epidemiological status of MERS-CoV in humans and animals.
  • To propose effective intervention strategies for controlling MERS-CoV.
  • To highlight the need for a comprehensive One Health approach.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current epidemiological data on MERS-CoV.
  • Analysis of MERS-CoV impact on human and animal populations.
  • Proposal of targeted intervention strategies based on epidemiological findings.

Main Results:

  • One-third of MERS-CoV patients develop severe lower respiratory tract infections, often resulting in death.
  • Supportive care is the primary treatment for severe MERS-CoV cases due to lack of specific antivirals.
  • Prophylactic measures like neutralizing antibodies and vaccines could limit human-to-human spread.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccination of dromedary camels, the confirmed animal reservoir, is proposed as the most effective long-term strategy to reduce human MERS-CoV cases.
  • A combined One Health approach integrating human and animal health interventions is crucial for MERS-CoV control.
  • Further research into effective antiviral therapies for severe MERS-CoV is warranted.