Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

648
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
648
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

3.7K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
3.7K
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

59.0K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
59.0K
Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

428
Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
428
Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

285
Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
285
Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect01:26

Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect

283
The similarity-dissimilarity effect, a fundamental concept in social psychology, explains how interpersonal similarities and differences influence attraction and social interactions. This effect is supported by three key psychological perspectives: balance theory, social comparison theory, and consensual validation.Balance Theory and Cognitive ConsistencyBalance theory, developed by Fritz Heider, posits that individuals seek cognitive consistency in their relationships. When two people share...
283

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Complex interactions between lightness, chroma, and hue in color ensemble perception.

Vision research·2026
Same author

Evaluating chest-worn light logger adherence: development and application of a wear/non-wear model.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Headache-associated photophobia is more prevalent during winter: A cross-sectional study from a pediatric headache registry.

Headache·2026
Same author

Distinct Mechanisms for Panoramic and Landmark-Based View Integration in Human Place-Selective Cortex.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same author

Amplifying and ameliorating light avoidance in mice with photoreceptor targeting and calcitonin gene-related peptide sensitization.

Headache·2025
Same author

Daily light exposure habits of youth with migraine: a prospective exploratory study.

Npj biological timing and sleep·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.8K

Expectation modulates repetition priming under high stimulus variability.

Maria Olkkonen1, Geoffrey K Aguirre2, Russell A Epstein3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USAPresent address: Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, England; and Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finlandmaria.olkkonen@durham.ac.ukhttp://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/molkkone/.

Journal of Vision
|June 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Expectation enhances face recognition when repetitions are predictable. However, this behavioral effect did not consistently correlate with brain activity in visual areas, suggesting fMRI adaptation is not solely driven by fulfilled expectations.

More Related Videos

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
12:12

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

11.1K
Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.8K
Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
12:12

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

11.1K
Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Human Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Neural responses to stimuli often decrease with repetition, a phenomenon known as fMRI adaptation (fMRIa) or repetition suppression.
  • A leading theory posits that fMRIa reflects fulfilled perceptual expectations during item recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether expectation modulates behavioral recognition performance, similar to its known effects on fMRIa.
  • To examine the relationship between expectation, behavioral recognition, and brain activity (fMRIa) in response to repeated facial stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Participants viewed sequences of faces with varying probabilities of repetition.
  • Behavioral responses (recognition performance) and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals (fMRI) were recorded.
  • Stimuli were presented from either a broad set (diverse ethnicities/genders) or a narrow set (less informative repetitions).

Main Results:

  • Behavioral priming, indicating facilitated recognition, was greater when face repetitions were more probable.
  • This expectation effect on behavior was observed only with a broad face set, not a narrow one.
  • fMRI adaptation in face-selective cortex was not modulated by expectation, contrary to prior studies; however, a medial frontal region showed modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Expectation can enhance recognition efficiency, as evidenced by behavioral priming effects.
  • The lack of concurrent fMRI adaptation modulation in visual cortex suggests that fMRIa is not exclusively explained by fulfilled expectations.
  • Findings highlight a dissociation between behavioral and neural effects of expectation in recognition tasks.