Transcriptomic Profiling in Human Decidua of Severe Preeclampsia Detected by RNA Sequencing

Maternal decidua plays a critical role in implantation and placentation. Impaired decidualization causes failed intravascular trophoblast invasion and inadequate placentation and then increases the risk of preeclampsia (PE). RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) has achieved great advances in the characterization and quantification of transcriptomes; is a powerful tool for new transcript discovery, genome annotation, and expression profiling. In the present study, we conducted a RNA-Seq analysis to compare gene expression between decidua of PE (n = 3, early-onset severe PE, EOSPE; n = 3, late-onset severe PE, LOSPE) and normal pregnancies (n = 3). We revealed that decidual gene transcription profile was altered in severe PE and identified 293 key PE-related genes involved in 19 differentially regulated pathways relevant for the pathogenesis of PE, among which ENO2, PGK1, and HK2 involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and HIF-1 signaling pathway which are all highly related with tumorigenesis and are significantly upregulated in cancer cells were severely inhibited in the decidua of PE. Moreover, we identified 22 core regulatory genes, including the newly identified pseudogenes BNIP3P1, HK2P1, and PGK1P1 that encode long non-coding RNA (lncRNA); interestingly, BNIP3/BNIP3P1, HK2/HK2P1, and PGK1/PGK1P1 appear in pairs in core genes. Subsequent analyses using quantitative PCR validated a portion of these results. This study may provide further insight into the mechanisms of PE and function as preventive, predictive, and therapeutic measures. Future functional studies are needed in order to accomplish a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 607-615, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.