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Thermal barriers constrain microbial elevational range size via climate variability.

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Microbial and macroorganism range sizes on mountainsides are influenced by niche breadth and climate variability. Understanding these factors is key to revealing diversity processes and thermal barriers for aquatic life.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Microbial Ecology
  • Biogeography

Background:

  • Understanding range size variation is crucial in ecology, yet microbial range sizes across geographical gradients, particularly mountainsides, are understudied.
  • Stream microbes (bacteria, diatoms) and macroinvertebrates were examined along elevational gradients in Asia and Europe.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate patterns of elevational range size for stream microbes and macroinvertebrates.
  • To determine the influence of niche breadth, local environmental, and climatic variables on range size.
  • To test adherence to elevational Rapoport's rule and identify key climate drivers.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of species elevational range sizes across different taxa (bacteria, diatoms, macroinvertebrates).
  • Statistical examination of relationships between range size, niche breadth, phylogenetic signals, and environmental/climatic variables.
  • Assessment of climate variability (daily, seasonal, annual) and local environmental factors' impact on range size.

Main Results:

  • A positive relationship was observed between niche breadth and elevational range size for all taxa, driven by local and climatic variables.
  • Climate variability was a major driver of microbial range size, while local environmental variables were more critical for macroinvertebrates.
  • No taxa exhibited adherence to elevational Rapoport's rule; seasonal/annual climate variation negatively impacted range size, whereas daily variation had a positive effect.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights the significant role of climate variability, especially seasonal and diurnal fluctuations, in shaping microbial thermal barriers and range sizes.
  • Results indicate that aquatic and terrestrial organisms may respond differently to short-term versus long-term climate variability.
  • Understanding range size drivers is essential for comprehending the processes underlying biodiversity patterns.