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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

820
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.8K
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

1.9K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
1.9K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.6K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.5K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.5K
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

1.9K
A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
1.9K

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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Two pulse recoupling.

Navin Khaneja1, Ashutosh Kumar2

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai 400076, India.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|June 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel two-pulse recoupling sequences for magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR. These sequences enhance robustness against radiofrequency inhomogeneity and chemical shift dispersion, improving sensitivity in recoupling experiments.

Keywords:
BroadbandChemical shiftsHartmann-HahnRecouplingrf-inhomogeneity

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Advanced Pulse Sequence Design
  • Materials Characterization

Background:

  • Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR is crucial for studying molecular structure and dynamics.
  • Recoupling pulse sequences are essential for detecting weak interactions in MAS NMR.
  • Existing recoupling sequences can be sensitive to experimental imperfections like radiofrequency (rf) inhomogeneity and chemical shift dispersion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel recoupling pulse sequences for MAS solid-state NMR.
  • To enhance robustness against rf-inhomogeneity and chemical shift dispersion.
  • To improve sensitivity in both homonuclear and heteronuclear recoupling experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Design of novel two-pulse recoupling sequences for homonuclear and heteronuclear experiments.
  • Incorporation of building blocks like (π)ϕ(π)-ϕ and [Formula: see text] for recoupling.
  • Extension of basic blocks to improve robustness against rf-inhomogeneity.
  • Experimental validation using 13Cα-13CO and 15N-13Cα recoupling in model compounds (Glycine, Alanine).
  • Application to a tripeptide sample (MLF).

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of robust homonuclear and heteronuclear recoupling using the new pulse sequences.
  • Experimental quantification of recoupling efficiency in Glycine and Alanine.
  • Successful application to a complex tripeptide system (MLF).
  • Comparison with existing R-sequences, showing improved robustness and sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed two-pulse recoupling sequences offer superior robustness to rf-inhomogeneity and chemical shift dispersion compared to R-sequences.
  • These sequences provide enhanced sensitivity for recoupling experiments in MAS solid-state NMR.
  • The method is applicable to various systems, including peptides, for structural and dynamic studies.