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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a Gaussian profile. This broadening occurs due to various factors, such as longitudinal diffusion.
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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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Tracer diffusion in active suspensions.

Eric W Burkholder1, John F Brady1

  • 1Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active Brownian particles enhance probe diffusion, overcoming steric hindrance. The probe

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Colloidal Science

Background:

  • Brownian motion describes particle diffusion due to random molecular collisions.
  • Active Brownian particles (ABPs) exhibit self-propulsion and reorientation, leading to complex dynamics.
  • Interactions between probe particles and ABPs can significantly alter diffusion behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of active Brownian particles on the diffusion of a probe particle.
  • To quantify the active contribution to probe diffusivity under varying conditions.
  • To understand the interplay between steric hindrance and active propulsion in modifying particle motion.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of a probe particle in a dilute ABP dispersion.
  • Analysis of diffusion coefficients considering steric interactions and active propulsion.
  • Derivation of scaling laws for active diffusivity based on Péclet number (Pe_s).

Main Results:

  • Active Brownian particles enhance probe diffusion beyond passive steric hindrance.
  • The active diffusivity scales as Pe_s^2 for weak swimming and Pe_s for strong swimming.
  • At long timescales (comparable to reorientation time), probe diffusivity scales with the swimmers' mechanical energy (k_sT_s).

Conclusions:

  • The activity of Brownian particles can significantly increase the diffusion rate of a probe particle.
  • The enhanced diffusion depends non-monotonically on the swimming activity strength.
  • Under specific conditions, the probe effectively experiences an increased thermal bath energy due to swimmer activity.