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Changes in the serum, liver, and renal cortical lipids and electrolytes in rabbits with cisplatin-induced
Abdelgayoum Ahmed Abdel-Gayoum1, Mohamed Hamza Sulaiman Ahmida2
1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Background/Aim:
Cisplatin is an anticancer drug that can induce nephrotoxicity. Its toxicity is associated with dyslipidemia and disturbed electrolyte balance. In the present study we investigated the changes in serum lipid profile and electrolyte levels and their contents in kidney and liver tissues of rabbits treated with cisplatin.
Materials And Methods:
Twenty-eight adult male New Zealand White rabbits were used in the experiment. Animals of groups C, P1, and P2 were injected with saline, cisplatin (4.0 mg/kg bw), and cisplatin (6.5 mg/kg bw), respectively, and killed 3 days after the injections. Animals of group R were given cisplatin (6.5 mg/kg bw) and killed after 7 days. All animals were killed after an overnight fast.
Results:
The P2 animals showed reductions in their body weights, significant (P < 0.001) increases in serum creatinine and urea levels, and significant (P < 0.001) drops in cortical alkaline phosphatase activity and necrotic kidney histology. The treatments had no effect on liver function. Moreover, the P2 animals showed increased serum cholesterol, TAG, and elevated LDL-cholesterol, with significant accumulations of the kidney cholesterol and TAG, but no change in serum phospholipid and depleted hepatic cholesterol. Moreover, the P2 animals had depressed serum levels of potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and reduced renal cortical calcium and magnesium contents and depressed liver calcium but not magnesium. However, the P1 animals had no significant alterations in their lipid or electrolyte levels. Most of the perturbed parameters returned to normal levels in the recovery group.
Conclusion:
Cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rabbits is accompanied by reductions in body weight, secondary dyslipidemia, and reduced serum potassium, calcium, and magnesium with depleted renal cortical magnesium and calcium and accumulated cortical lipids.
Insights
Cisplatin treatment in rabbits caused kidney damage, altered lipid profiles, and electrolyte imbalances. Most of these cisplatin-induced effects were reversible, indicating potential for recovery.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Toxicology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Cisplatin is a vital chemotherapy agent with known nephrotoxic potential.
- Cisplatin-induced kidney damage is linked to dyslipidemia and electrolyte disturbances.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate cisplatin's effects on serum lipid profiles and electrolyte levels.
- To examine changes in kidney and liver tissue lipid and electrolyte content following cisplatin administration.
Main Methods:
- New Zealand White rabbits were administered varying doses of cisplatin or saline.
- Serum biochemistry, kidney, and liver tissue analyses were performed 3 and 7 days post-injection.
Main Results:
- High-dose cisplatin induced significant kidney damage, elevated creatinine and urea, dyslipidemia (increased cholesterol, TAG, LDL-C), and electrolyte depletion (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+).
- Kidney tissues showed cholesterol and TAG accumulation, while liver tissues had depleted cholesterol.
- Most perturbed parameters normalized in the recovery group, suggesting reversibility.
Conclusions:
- Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits is characterized by weight loss, dyslipidemia, and electrolyte imbalances.
- Renal cortical tissues accumulate lipids and show depleted calcium and magnesium.
- The observed changes suggest a complex interplay between cisplatin, lipid metabolism, and electrolyte homeostasis.
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