Responses to Cytokines and Interferons that Depend upon JAKs and STATs

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George R Stark1, HyeonJoo Cheon1, Yuxin Wang1

  • 1Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|June 17, 2017
PubMed

Insights

The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway regulates immune responses. Dysregulation due to mutations can lead to autoimmune diseases, infections, or cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cytokines and interferons activate Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs).
  • The JAK-STAT pathway is crucial for innate and acquired immune responses.
  • Fine-tuning of JAK-STAT activity is essential to prevent immune dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the biochemistry, genetics, and biology of JAKs and STATs.
  • To highlight the regulatory mechanisms governing JAK-STAT pathway activity.
  • To discuss the implications of JAK and STAT mutations in human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent developments in JAK-STAT pathway research.
  • Analysis of biochemical, genetic, and biological data.
  • Synthesis of information on regulatory mechanisms and disease associations.

Main Results:

  • JAK-STAT pathways are critical for gene expression in immune cells.
  • Regulation involves negative regulatory proteins, posttranslational modifications, and cell-specific effects.
  • Mutations in JAKs and STATs are linked to autoimmune disorders, increased infection susceptibility, and cancer.

Conclusions:

  • The JAK-STAT pathway is a key regulator of immune function.
  • Understanding JAK-STAT biology is vital for addressing immune-related diseases.
  • Recent research provides deeper insights into pathway regulation and its role in pathology.

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