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Oxidative T Cell Modifications in Lupus and Sjogren's Syndrome.

F M Strickland¹, T Mau¹, M O'Brien¹

¹Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA.

Lupus (Los Angeles)

|June 17, 2017

Summary

Protein nitration is linked to lupus flare severity and a specific T cell subset in lupus and Sjogren's syndrome patients. This finding supports protein nitration's role in autoimmune disease activity.

Keywords:

Lupus Nitration Oxidative stress Sjogren’s syndrome Subsets T lymphocytes

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Autoimmune Diseases
Oxidative Stress

Background:

Lupus flares are associated with oxidative stress and protein modifications like nitration.
An epigenetically altered CD4+CD28+ T cell subset, implicated in lupus autoimmunity, is linked to T cell nitration.
The relationship between specific protein modifications and disease activity in lupus and Sjogren's syndrome remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the correlation between the size of the epigenetically altered CD4+CD28+ T cell subset and disease activity in lupus patients.
To examine the relationship between subset size, disease activity, and specific protein oxidative modifications (4-hydroxynonenals, malondialdehydes, carbonyls, nitration) in lupus and Sjogren's syndrome.
To determine if protein nitration is associated with lupus flares and autoantibody formation in Sjogren's syndrome.

Main Methods:

Quantified lupus flare severity using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI).
Assessed Sjogren's flare severity using the European Sjogren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI).
Determined CD4+CD28+ T cell subset size via flow cytometry and protein modifications using ELISA.

Main Results:

Protein nitration was the only oxidative modification that significantly correlated with the size of the epigenetically altered T cell subset in both lupus and Sjogren's syndrome.
No significant correlation was found between other measured protein modifications (4-hydroxynonenals, malondialdehydes, carbonyls) and subset size or disease activity.

Conclusions:

Protein nitration plays a role in the expansion of the CD4+CD28+ T cell subset and is associated with lupus flare severity.
Protein nitration may also contribute to the development of autoantibodies in Sjogren's syndrome.
These findings highlight protein nitration as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases characterized by oxidative stress.