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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Measuring Bone Remodeling and Recreating the Tumor-Bone Microenvironment Using Calvaria Co-culture and Histomorphometry
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Gut Microbiome and Bone: to Build, Destroy, or Both?

Jing Yan1, Julia F Charles2

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, 6002Q, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

Current Osteoporosis Reports
|June 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The gut microbiota, a complex community of microorganisms, significantly impacts bone health. Research shows these microbes influence bone remodeling, growth, and strength, but findings vary by study context.

Keywords:
AntibioticsBoneGerm-freeIGF-1 SCFAMicrobiomeProbiotics

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bone Biology
  • Host-Microbe Interactions

Background:

  • The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized for its crucial role in maintaining host homeostasis.
  • Its influence on bone health is an emerging area of scientific exploration.
  • Existing studies suggest a complex interplay between gut microbes and skeletal physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the effects of gut microbiota on bone health.
  • To discuss potential reasons for discrepancies in current research.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms by which microbiota influences bone.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of complementary studies involving germ-free mice.
  • Review of research utilizing antibiotic and probiotic interventions.
  • Examination of phenotypic effects, experimental contexts, and proposed mechanisms from recent reports.

Main Results:

  • Manipulation of the gut microbiota significantly alters bone remodeling, development, growth, and mechanical strength.
  • The effects of gut microbiota on bone are context-dependent, varying across different experimental models.
  • Recent reports highlight diverse mechanisms linking microbial activity to skeletal health.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota acts as a significant modulator of bone health.
  • Understanding the context-dependent nature of these interactions is crucial for interpreting research findings.
  • Further investigation into the mechanisms governing microbiota-bone axis is warranted.