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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Efficient and Consistent Generation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium/Choroid Flatmounts from Human Eyes for Histological Analysis
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Determination of retinal surface area.

Manbir Nagra1, Bernard Gilmartin2, Ngoc Jade Thai3

  • 1Division of Optometry and Visual Science, Applied Vision Research Centre, City, University of London, London, UK.

Journal of Anatomy
|June 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Three-dimensional ocular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) precisely measured retinal surface area in quadrants. Results show significant inter-quadrant variations, correlating with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) susceptibility.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Previous retinal surface area measurements relied on indirect calculations.
  • Three-dimensional (3-D) ocular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers direct, in vivo measurement without tissue shrinkage.
  • Understanding retinal surface area is crucial for studying ocular conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare retinal surface areas across four quadrants (superior-temporal, inferior-temporal, superior-nasal, inferior-nasal) using T2-weighted 3D MRI.
  • To investigate if inter-quadrant area variations correlate with known patterns of retinal breaks associated with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-three healthy adult participants underwent T2-weighted 3D MRI scans.
  • Integrated MRI software calculated total internal ocular surface area (TSA) and total retinal surface area (RSA).
Keywords:
human ocular anatomymyopiaocular biometryocular shaperetinal surface area

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  • Quadrant retinal surface areas (QRSA) for ST, IT, SN, and IN quadrants were determined and correlated with axial length (AL).

    • Main Results:

    • Significant differences in QRSA were found between retinal quadrants (P < 0.01).
    • The superior-temporal quadrant had the largest mean area (365 ± 43 mm²), while the inferior-nasal had the smallest (321 ± 39 mm²).
    • QRSA demonstrated a significant positive correlation with axial length (AL) across all quadrants.

    Conclusions:

    • 3D MRI provides accurate in vivo measurement of retinal quadrant surface areas.
    • Observed inter-quadrant variations in retinal surface area show concordance with susceptibility to retinal breaks in PVD.
    • The study establishes a conversion method from axial length to quadrant retinal surface areas, aiding future research on structural variations.