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Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Coordination Number and Geometry

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Ternary gradient metal-organic frameworks.

Chong Liu¹, Nathaniel L Rosi

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA. nrosi@pitt.edu.

Faraday Discussions

|June 17, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created novel ternary gradient metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) using cascade ligand exchange. These MOFs exhibit controlled porosity gradients within single crystals, paving the way for advanced materials design.

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Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

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Published on: May 12, 2023

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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Chemistry

Background:

Gradient materials exhibit directional variations in structure or functionality.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer tunable porous structures with diverse applications.
Previous work established binary gradient MOFs, motivating the development of more complex systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize novel ternary gradient MOFs.
To investigate the structural and porosity gradients within these new materials.
To demonstrate the control over composition and properties in ternary gradient MOFs.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of ternary gradient MOFs (bMOF-100/102/106 and bMOF-110/100/102) via cascade ligand exchange reactions.
Analysis of unit cell parameter discrepancies using X-ray diffraction.
Characterization of porosity gradients and property distribution via microspectrophotometry.

Main Results:

Successful preparation of two distinct ternary gradient MOFs with significant unit cell parameter variations (up to ~1 nm).
Demonstration of continuous gradients in pore diameters (e.g., ~2.5 nm to ~3.0 nm) within individual crystals.
Evidence of tunable composition and controlled gradient profiles through reaction condition adjustments.

Conclusions:

Ternary gradient MOFs can be effectively synthesized using cascade ligand exchange, showcasing material compatibility.
These MOFs possess significant, tunable porosity gradients within single crystals.
The developed methods allow for precise control and characterization of heterogeneity in advanced MOF materials.