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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Histone Modification02:32

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Annotating the genome by DNA methylation.

Howard Cedar1, Aharon Razin

  • 1Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research. Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. cedar@mail.huji.ac.il.

The International Journal of Developmental Biology
|June 17, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA methylation is crucial for gene regulation in mammals. Understanding its mechanisms provides insights into development, disease, and environmental sensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression.
  • Understanding DNA methylation is vital for comprehending mammalian biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To trace the historical discoveries in DNA methylation research.
  • To elucidate the relationship between DNA methylation and gene repression.
  • To explore the role of DNA methylation in development, disease, and environmental sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of foundational studies in DNA methylation.
  • Analysis of experiments on methyl group mapping and maintenance.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms controlling methylation during development.

Main Results:

  • DNA methylation patterns are mapped and maintained through cell division.
  • A direct link exists between DNA methylation and gene repression.
  • Methylation plays a role in development, disease, and environmental interaction.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation is fundamental to gene regulation and mammalian biology.
  • Further research is defining its role in disease and environmental responses.