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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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[Surrogate Motherhood and Woman Dignity].

Ángela Aparisi Miralles1

  • 1Universidad de Navarra Campus Universitario, Pamplona, 31080 Espa(a. aparisimiralles@gmail.com.

Cuadernos De Bioetica : Revista Oficial De La Asociacion Espanola De Bioetica Y Etica Medica
|June 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Motherhood by subrogation, or surrogacy, raises human rights concerns. This practice can undermine the dignity and rights of surrogate mothers by objectifying and commodifying their reproductive capacity.

Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Human Rights Law
  • Sociology of Reproduction

Background:

  • Motherhood by subrogation, commonly known as surrogacy, presents complex ethical and legal challenges.
  • The practice intersects with fundamental human rights, particularly concerning the dignity and autonomy of women involved.
  • Previous discourse has often focused on the child's rights or contractual aspects, with less emphasis on the surrogate mother's inherent dignity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically analyze the impact of surrogacy on the human dignity and rights of the surrogate mother.
  • To explore how surrogacy may lead to the reification and commodification of pregnant women.
  • To argue that surrogacy, in its current forms, potentially violates essential aspects of human dignity.

Main Methods:

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  • Qualitative analysis of ethical frameworks related to human dignity.
  • Review of legal scholarship on reproductive rights and surrogacy.
  • Philosophical examination of concepts such as objectification, instrumentalization, and personal uniqueness.

    • Main Results:

    • Surrogacy arrangements can reduce the surrogate mother to a means to an end, disregarding her personal uniqueness.
    • The practice risks transforming the pregnant woman into a commercial product, undermining her inherent worth.
    • Essential requirements of human dignity, including autonomy and non-commodification, are challenged by surrogacy.

    Conclusions:

    • Motherhood by subrogation poses a significant threat to the human dignity of surrogate mothers.
    • Ethical and legal frameworks must be re-evaluated to protect surrogate mothers from objectification and commodification.
    • Upholding human dignity necessitates a critical stance against practices that instrumentalize women's reproductive capabilities.