Formulation and in vitro evaluation of curcumin-lactoferrin conjugated nanostructures for cancerous cells

Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic and chemopreventive properties. In fact, targeting of this natural anticancer agent has received a great deal of attention during the recent years. In this study, we proposed that curcumin conjugation with lactoferrin molecules may lead to a potential drug delivery system targeted toward cancerous cells through both active and passive targeting. In this regard, curcumin conjugated lactoferrin was developed via a carbodiimide-based coupling reaction and the resulting conjugates were appraised for their molecular properties as a potential targeted drug delivery system. The mean diameter of the designed nanostructure was about 165 ± 26 nm with a PDI of 0.308 ± 0.045. The conjugated nanostructures showed a considerably improved cytotoxicity on HCT116 cells as illustrated by MTT assay along with a higher level of cellular uptake. Cellular uptake and targeting capability of conjugated samples were further investigated by confocal microscopy and the conjugated curcumin nanostructures showed an enhanced efficacy compared to curcumin. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis proved that early apoptosis occurred in HCT116 cell line, after 24 h incubation with conjugated curcumin.