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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
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Thermal conductivity of different colored compomers.

Cigdem Guler1, Ali Keles2, Mehmet S Guler3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu - Turkey.

Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials
|June 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study compares how well traditional and colored compomers conduct heat. Colored compomers are often used in children's teeth, but their thermal properties were not well understood. Researchers tested different shades of Twinky Star and Dyract Extra compomers using a heat conduction setup. They found that silver-colored compomers conducted heat best, while berry-colored ones conducted it worst. The results suggest that color might affect how materials handle heat, which could influence clinical choices. The study also found that six out of eleven samples had significant differences in thermal behavior. The authors recommend avoiding silver shades in deep cavities and improving material properties for colored compomers.

Keywords:
dental compomer thermal propertiescolored compomer conductivityheat transfer in dental materialsrestorative dentistry in vitro

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Area of Science:

  • Dental materials science
  • Thermal physics in biomedical applications
  • Restorative dentistry

Background:

Thermal properties of dental materials are important for clinical performance and patient comfort. Prior research has shown that traditional compomers are widely used in pediatric dentistry, but their thermal conductivity has not been fully characterized. No prior work had resolved how colorants affect heat transfer in these materials. This gap motivated a detailed comparison of traditional and colored compomers. Existing studies focus on mechanical and chemical properties, leaving thermal behavior understudied. The need for thermal data arises from clinical concerns about heat sensitivity in deep cavities. This paper introduces a novel approach to assess heat conduction in colored dental composites. The study addresses a specific uncertainty in the field of pediatric restorative dentistry.

Purpose Of The Study:

The aim was to evaluate and compare the thermal conductivity of traditional and colored compomers. The specific problem is the lack of data on how colorants influence heat transfer in dental materials. This study seeks to provide evidence for material selection in clinical settings. The motivation stems from the clinical use of colored compomers in primary teeth. Traditional compomers are known for their properties, but their thermal behavior remains unclear. The study focuses on identifying which colors may affect heat transfer differently. It also tests whether color variation introduces significant differences in thermal conductivity. The findings could guide dentists in material choice for cavity depth and patient comfort.

Main Methods:

The study used two compomer brands: Twinky Star and Dyract Extra. Each brand offered multiple color shades for testing. Standard molds were filled with compomer materials and polymerized as per manufacturer guidelines. Three samples were prepared for each shade to ensure reproducibility. A heat conduction test setup was used to measure thermal conductivity. The coefficient of heat conductivity was calculated for each sample. Statistical analysis included Kruskal-Wallis and Duncan tests to compare groups. An uncertainty analysis was conducted to assess measurement reliability.

Main Results:

Statistically significant differences were found between traditional and colored compomers (p<0.05). Silver shade compomers showed the highest thermal conductivity (p<0.05). Berry shade compomers exhibited the lowest thermal conductivity (p<0.05). Six out of 11 samples showed significant differences in thermal behavior. Traditional compomers had intermediate conductivity values compared to colored ones. The highest coefficient was recorded for silver, while the lowest was for berry. Uncertainty analysis confirmed the statistical reliability of the results. These findings suggest that color variation affects thermal properties in compomers.

Conclusions:

The authors propose that colorants may influence thermal conductivity in compomers. Silver shade materials should be avoided in deep cavities due to higher heat transfer. Colored compomers may require material improvements to match traditional ones. The study highlights the importance of considering thermal properties in clinical use. No prior work had resolved how color affects heat transfer in dental materials. The findings suggest that color variation introduces variability in thermal performance. This study provides a basis for future material development in pediatric dentistry. The authors emphasize the need for further investigation into color-related material properties.

The silver shade compomer had the highest thermal conductivity, while the berry shade had the lowest (p<0.05).

Kruskal-Wallis and Duncan tests were used to compare thermal conductivity coefficients.

The silver shade exhibited the highest heat conductivity, which may increase sensitivity in deep cavities.

Three samples were prepared for each compomer shade to ensure reproducibility.

The uncertainty analysis confirmed that 6 out of 11 samples showed significant thermal conductivity differences.

The authors propose that material properties could be improved to enhance the performance of colored compomers.