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Updated: Feb 28, 2026
In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing
Published on: May 11, 2021
Application of standard cell cultures and 3D in vitro tissue models as an effective tool in drug design and
Aleksandra Amelian1, Katarzyna Wasilewska2, Diego Megias3
1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland.
Abstract:
Cell culture systems are essential tools used in a wide range of biomedical and clinical studies. Two dimensional cell culture models (2D) provide basic information on cytotoxicity, penetration and accumulation of drugs in cells and they are of outmost importance when selecting new compounds of the desired biopharmaceutical properties as candidates for novel drugs. The improvement over 2D growing cells are three dimensional (3D) tissue models that mimic in vivo conditions and the functions of living tissue more accurately. These models reduce the cost of drug development, enable more efficient drug screening, minimise failure rate in medicine discovery and eliminate animal use during experiments. The article provides an overview of 2D cell cultures and 3D tissue models - their properties, basic procedures, conditions of culturing and applications.
