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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Gestational diabetes affects fetal autophagy.

Laura Avagliano1, Valentina Massa1, Laura Terraneo1

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Placenta
|June 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy, a cellular process crucial for energy balance, appears impaired in placentas affected by gestational diabetes. This dysfunction may contribute to pregnancy complications, highlighting the need for further research.

Keywords:
AutophagyBeclin-1DiabetesLC3PlacentaPregnancyp62

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Autophagy is essential for maintaining energy homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of autophagy is linked to metabolic disorders like diabetes mellitus.
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus poses risks to fetal well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate autophagy in human diabetic placentas and fetal pancreases.
  • To compare autophagy markers in diabetic versus control samples.
  • To explore the relationship between gestational diabetes and placental autophagy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of autophagy markers: LC3, Beclin-1, and p62.
  • Comparison of placental and fetal pancreas tissues from diabetic and control pregnancies.
  • Quantitative assessment of autophagy pathway components.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy markers indicate an impaired autophagy process in diabetic placentas.
  • Evidence suggests a significant association between gestational diabetes and altered autophagy.
  • No specific results mentioned for fetal pancreas in the abstract.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is implicated in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes.
  • Impaired placental autophagy may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking gestational diabetes and autophagy.