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Brazilian red propolis effects on peritoneal macrophage activity: Nitric oxide, cell viability, pro-inflammatory
Bruno Bueno-Silva1, Dione Kawamoto2, Ellen S Ando-Suguimoto2
1Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Brazil, 07023-070 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.
Ethnopharmacological Relevance:
Propolis has been used in folk medicine since ancient times and it presented inhibitory effect on neutrophil recruitment previously. However, its effect on macrophage obtained from mice remains unclear.
Aim Of The Study:
To demonstrate BRP effects on LPS activated peritoneal macrophage.
Materials And Methods:
Peritoneal macrophages, obtained from C57BL6 mice and activated with LPS, were treated with 50-80µg/mL of crude extract of Brazilian red propolis (BRP) during 48h. Cell viability, levels of NO, 20 cytokines and expression of 360 genes were evaluated.
Results:
BRP 60µg/mL reduced NO production by 65% without affecting the cell viability and decreased production IL1α, IL1β, IL4, IL6, IL12p40, Il12p70, IL13, MCP1 and GM-CSF. Molecular mechanism beyond the anti-inflammatory activity may be due to BRP-effects on decreasing expression of Mmp7, Egfr, Adm, Gata3, Wnt2b, Txn1, Herpud1, Axin2, Car9, Id1, Vegfa, Hes1, Hes5, Icam1, Wnt3a, Pcna, Wnt5a, Tnfsf10, Ccl5, Il1b, Akt1, Mapk1, Noxa1 and Cdkn1b and increasing expression of Cav1, Wnt6, Calm1, Tnf, Rb1, Socs3 and Dab2.
Conclusions:
Therefore, BRP has anti-inflammatory effects on macrophage activity by reducing NO levels and diminished release and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and genes, respectively.
Insights
Brazilian red propolis (BRP) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by reducing nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. This study clarifies BRP
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
- Natural Products
Background:
- Propolis, utilized in traditional medicine, has demonstrated neutrophil inhibitory effects.
- The impact of propolis on macrophages, key immune cells, remained largely uncharacterized.
- Brazilian red propolis (BRP) is a natural product with potential therapeutic applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Brazilian red propolis (BRP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated peritoneal macrophages.
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying BRP's immunomodulatory actions.
Main Methods:
- Peritoneal macrophages from C57BL6 mice were activated with LPS and treated with varying concentrations of BRP (50-80µg/mL).
- Assessed cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, 20 cytokine levels, and gene expression profiles (360 genes).
- Statistical analysis was performed to determine significant effects.
Main Results:
- BRP at 60µg/mL significantly reduced NO production by 65% without compromising cell viability.
- BRP treatment led to decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α.
- Gene expression analysis revealed modulation of key inflammatory and cell signaling pathways by BRP.
Conclusions:
- Brazilian red propolis (BRP) possesses significant anti-inflammatory effects on activated macrophages.
- BRP reduces nitric oxide production and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
- The study highlights BRP as a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory conditions.
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