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Toward a genetic tool development pipeline for host-associated bacteria.

Matthew C Waller1, Josef R Bober2, Nikhil U Nair2

  • 1North Carolina State University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|June 19, 2017
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Summary

Developing genetic tools for non-model bacteria is crucial for understanding host-microbiota interactions. This review highlights challenges and progress in creating generalized pipelines for genetic tractability, using gut bacteria as an example.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Host-Microbiota Interactions

Background:

  • Bacteria in host-associated niches form mutualistic relationships.
  • Microbial community composition impacts host health, behavior, and development.
  • Molecular mediators of host-microbiota interactions are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review challenges in developing genetic tools for non-model microbial communities.
  • To highlight recent advancements in creating generalized genetic tool development pipelines.
  • To illustrate opportunities using human gastrointestinal tract bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of challenges in DNA delivery and gene expression for non-model bacteria.
  • Review of CRISPR-based tool applications.
  • Analysis of generalized pipelines for genetic tool development.

Main Results:

  • Significant challenges exist in making non-model bacteria genetically tractable.
  • Recent efforts focus on creating generalized pipelines to expedite tool development.
  • Human gut bacteria serve as a model to showcase progress and future directions.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic tractability of non-model microbes is essential for advancing host-microbiota interaction research.
  • Generalized pipelines can accelerate the development of genetic tools.
  • Further innovation is needed to fully elucidate host-microbiota molecular mechanisms.