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Sleep Disrupts High-Level Speech Parsing Despite Significant Basic Auditory Processing.

Shiri Makov1,2, Omer Sharon1, Nai Ding3

  • 1Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|June 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The sleeping brain processes basic speech sounds but struggles with complex language parsing. Higher-level speech comprehension, including understanding words and sentences, is significantly impaired during sleep.

Keywords:
attentionentrainmentsleepspeech processing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The brain's ability to process complex sensory information during sleep is not fully understood.
  • Continuous speech involves hierarchical structures (syllables, words, phrases, sentences) that require sophisticated processing.
  • Previous research on neural speech processing was limited to wakefulness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sleeping brain's capacity for processing continuous speech at various hierarchical levels.
  • To compare neural tracking of intelligible versus unintelligible speech during wakefulness and sleep.
  • To introduce and utilize a novel Concurrent Hierarchical Tracking (CHT) approach for online monitoring of speech processing depth.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-density electroencephalography (EEG) in humans during wakefulness and sleep (nonrapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep).
  • Developed and applied the Concurrent Hierarchical Tracking (CHT) method to analyze neural signatures of speech at distinct hierarchical levels (syllables, words, phrases, sentences).
  • Compared neural tracking of acoustic features and linguistic constructs for intelligible (normal) versus unintelligible (scrambled, foreign) speech.

Main Results:

  • Neural tracking of basic speech acoustics was similar across wakefulness and sleep, irrespective of speech intelligibility.
  • Neural tracking of higher-order linguistic structures (words, phrases, sentences) was evident only for intelligible speech during wakefulness.
  • No significant neural tracking of higher-level linguistic constructs was detected during any sleep stage.

Conclusions:

  • Basic auditory processing of speech is largely preserved during sleep.
  • High-level hierarchical language processing, including parsing speech into meaningful units like words and sentences, is severely disrupted during sleep.
  • Sleep imposes a functional barrier between low-level sensory input and high-level cognitive interpretation, impacting language comprehension.