Comprehensive graphical presentation of data from incurred sample reanalysis
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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils
Published on: November 25, 2016
Piotr J Rudzki1, Przemysław Biecek2, Michał Kaza1
1Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Pharmacology Department, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
Aim:
Incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) contributes to the reliability of pharmacokinetic studies. Despite regulatory guidelines having adopted ISR methodology, graphical presentation of data has been overlooked.
Materials & Methods:
Different graphs were tested for datasets including limited, standard and large numbers of ISR pairs. The datasets covered both passed and failed cases.
Results:
We have developed a combination of complementary plots enabling the visual inspection of ISR data quality: %difference versus mean concentration and cumulative ISR plot. The former shows individual ISR datapoints and concentration-dependent trends, while the latter presents the contribution of individual pairs to the overall result as well as time-dependent trends.
Conclusion:
The proposed visualization of ISR data shows at a glance whether acceptance criteria for each sample and whole experiment are met or not. Standardized graphical presentation of ISR outcomes may increase quality of bioanalytical data.
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