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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

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Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
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Maternal autoimmune disorders and fetal defects.

Anca Maria Panaitescu1, Kypros Nicolaides1

  • 1a Fetal Medicine Research Institute , King's College Hospital , London , UK.

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|June 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Maternal autoantibodies crossing the placenta can harm fetuses. This review covers fetal goiter, heart block, arthrogryposis, and brain hemorrhage caused by maternal autoimmune conditions.

Keywords:
Graves’ diseaseMaternal autoantibodiesanti-Ro and anti-La antibodiesathrogryposis multiplex congenitalautoimmune thrombocytopeniafetal brain hemorrhagefetal heart blockfetal thyroid goitermyasthenia gravis

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Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using PolyI:C to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
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Area of Science:

  • Maternal-fetal medicine
  • Immunology
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Maternal autoantibodies are known to traverse the placenta.
  • These antibodies can lead to various fetal complications and damage.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for prenatal care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the development and management of fetal complications arising from maternal autoimmune diseases.
  • To review specific conditions including fetal goiter, heart block, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, and fetal brain hemorrhage.
  • To highlight the role of maternal autoantibodies in these fetal outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Focus on conditions linked to maternal Graves' disease, anti-Ro/anti-La antibodies, myasthenia gravis, and autoimmune thrombocytopenia.
  • Discussion of management strategies for affected pregnancies.

Main Results:

  • Maternal Graves' disease and antithyroid medication can cause fetal thyroid goiter.
  • Maternal anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies are associated with fetal heart block.
  • Maternal myasthenia gravis can lead to fetal arthrogryposis multiplex congenita.
  • Maternal autoimmune thrombocytopenia is linked to fetal brain hemorrhage.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal autoimmune conditions pose significant risks to fetal development.
  • Early recognition and management are essential for improving fetal outcomes.
  • Further research into preventative and therapeutic strategies is warranted.