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Sensitivity to BST-2 restriction correlates with Orthobunyavirus host range
Mariana Varela1, Ilaria M Piras1, Catrina Mullan1
1MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Virology
|June 20, 2017
Summary
BST-2/tetherin protein restricts orthobunyavirus replication differently across species. This finding explains host specificity and viral emergence, impacting medical and veterinary importance.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Emerging orthobunyaviruses pose significant medical and veterinary threats.
- Understanding host range determinants for these viruses is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of BST-2/tetherin in restricting orthobunyavirus replication.
- To determine the host-specific mechanisms underlying orthobunyavirus tropism.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of BST-2/tetherin activity in different host cells.
- Assessing viral replication and glycoprotein incorporation in BST-2/tetherin-modified cells.
- Investigating the effect of BST-2/tetherin on viral particle egress.
Main Results:
- BST-2/tetherin exhibits host-specific restriction of orthobunyavirus replication.
- Human-tropic viruses (Oropouche, La Crosse) are restricted by sheep BST-2, not human BST-2.
- Ruminant-tropic viruses (Schmallenberg) are restricted by human BST-2, not sheep BST-2.
- BST-2/tetherin reduces envelope glycoprotein incorporation into viral particles, hindering egress.
Conclusions:
- BST-2/tetherin is a key factor determining orthobunyavirus host specificity.
- This restriction mechanism provides insights into viral adaptation and cross-species transmission.
- Identifies a novel restriction factor correlating with species susceptibility to orthobunyavirus infection.
