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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

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Estimating linkages between forest structural variables and rainfall interception parameters in semi-arid deciduous

O Fathizadeh1, S M Hosseini1, A Zimmermann2

  • 1Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Mazandaran, Iran.

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Summary

Forest canopy structure significantly impacts water balance. Leaf area and canopy cover positively correlate with rainfall interception and storage capacity, crucial for water resource management.

Keywords:
Canopy storage capacityCanopy structureQuercus brantiiRainfall interceptionZagros forests

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Area of Science:

  • Forest Ecology
  • Hydrology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Understanding forest canopy structure's role in water balance is vital for predicting impacts on water resources.
  • Rainfall partitioning and its subsequent effects on water availability are influenced by forest structural changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To predict rainfall interception (I) and canopy storage capacity (S) using forest canopy structure variables.
  • To investigate the influence of seasonal changes on the relationship between canopy structure, rainfall interception, and canopy storage.

Main Methods:

  • The study was conducted in twelve 50m×50m plots in the Zagros forest, Ilam, Iran.
  • Regression-based methods were used to estimate canopy storage capacity (S).
  • Relationships between canopy structure variables (e.g., leaf area index, canopy cover) and rainfall interception (I) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Average cumulative rainfall interception (I) was 84.2mm, representing 10.2% of gross precipitation (GP) over one year.
  • Canopy storage capacity (S) averaged ~1mm in the leafed period and ~0.1mm in the leafless period.
  • Rainfall interception and canopy storage capacity increased with leaf area index, canopy cover, basal area, tree height, and diameter at breast height during the leafed period. Wood area index and canopy cover fraction were related to these parameters in the leafless period.

Conclusions:

  • Forest canopy structure, particularly leaf area and canopy cover, significantly influences rainfall interception and storage capacity.
  • Seasonal variations (leafed vs. leafless periods) alter the relationships between canopy structure and water balance components.
  • These findings are critical for hydrological modeling and sustainable forest management, especially in regions like the Zagros forest.