Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

8.3K
In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.3K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

10.9K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
10.9K
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

754
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
754
Drug Excretion: Miscellaneous Routes01:10

Drug Excretion: Miscellaneous Routes

335
Drug excretion involves various organs, including the liver, intestines, skin, and eyes. In the case of drugs or toxins, they can be actively secreted into bile by transporters in the hepatocyte's canalicular membrane. These substances enter the GI tract during digestion and may be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. This process, known as enterohepatic recycling, can significantly prolong the presence and effects of a substance in the body. To interrupt this cycle, specific...
335
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors01:19

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors

973
Drug distribution in the human body is a complex process influenced by various individual factors, including age, pregnancy, obesity, diet, body water composition, pH levels, and specific disease conditions.
Age plays a significant role due to differences in body composition among different age groups. Infants, for instance, have a higher proportion of total body water and lower albumin levels, a protein that binds drugs in the bloodstream. This unique composition in infants enhances the...
973
Noncompartmental Analysis: Miscellaneous Pharmacokinetic Parameters00:54

Noncompartmental Analysis: Miscellaneous Pharmacokinetic Parameters

438
The noncompartmental approach is a widely used method in pharmacokinetics to assess drugs' behaviors in the body. It considers several factors, including clearance, bioavailability, and total volume of distribution.
One key aspect of the noncompartmental approach is determining a drug's total clearance. This can be done by dividing the drug dose by the area under the concentration-time curve from zero to infinity. The area under the concentration-time curve represents the drug's...
438

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

In vitro evaluation of Carica Papaya leaf-derived chitosan-ZnTiO₃-TiO₂ nanocomposites as a dual anticancer and antibacterial agent.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Enhanced recovery of high-quality DNA from limited FFPE tissue for advancing cancer genomics.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

A review of smart alginate-based biomaterials: Innovations and challenges in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025
Same author

Inhibition of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilms Using Robust Silk Fibroin-Poly(ethyleneimine) Microparticles.

Polymers·2025
Same author

A review on nanocellulose in food packaging: A paradigm shift for enhanced mechanical strength and barrier performance.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025
Same author

Chitosan-capped TiO<sub>2</sub> hybrid nanomaterials for antibacterial and photocatalytic application of crystal violet.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Fragmenting Bulk Hydrogels and Processing into Granular Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
10:18

Fragmenting Bulk Hydrogels and Processing into Granular Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

Published on: May 17, 2022

6.7K

A mini review on hydrogels classification and recent developments in miscellaneous applications.

Kokkarachedu Varaprasad1, Gownolla Malegowd Raghavendra2, Tippabattini Jayaramudu3

  • 1Centro de Investigación de Polímeros Avanzados, CIPA, Av.Collao 1202, Edificio Laboratorio CIPA Concepción, Chile.

Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications
|June 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Hydrogels are smart, water-absorbing networks with diverse applications. This review covers their materials, fabrication, classification, and future potential in advanced technologies.

Keywords:
ApplicationClassificationHydrogelsMethods of fabricationRaw materials

More Related Videos

The Synthesis of RGD-functionalized Hydrogels as a Tool for Therapeutic Applications
09:30

The Synthesis of RGD-functionalized Hydrogels as a Tool for Therapeutic Applications

Published on: October 7, 2016

11.9K
Light-mediated Formation and Patterning of Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications
10:45

Light-mediated Formation and Patterning of Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications

Published on: September 29, 2016

13.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Fragmenting Bulk Hydrogels and Processing into Granular Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
10:18

Fragmenting Bulk Hydrogels and Processing into Granular Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

Published on: May 17, 2022

6.7K
The Synthesis of RGD-functionalized Hydrogels as a Tool for Therapeutic Applications
09:30

The Synthesis of RGD-functionalized Hydrogels as a Tool for Therapeutic Applications

Published on: October 7, 2016

11.9K
Light-mediated Formation and Patterning of Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications
10:45

Light-mediated Formation and Patterning of Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications

Published on: September 29, 2016

13.5K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Hydrogels are 3D networks that swell in water without dissolving.
  • Their water absorption capability drives significant research and high-tech applications.
  • Progress in hydrogel science is accelerating, expanding their potential uses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review miscellaneous hydrogels, covering raw materials, fabrication methods, and applications.
  • To summarize hydrogel classification based on cross-linking and physical states.
  • To provide an outlook on the future prospects of hydrogel technology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hydrogel research.
  • Analysis of hydrogel properties and synthesis techniques.
  • Categorization of hydrogels based on structural and physical characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogels exhibit unique water absorption properties due to their reticulated structure.
  • Diverse raw materials and fabrication methods exist for hydrogel synthesis.
  • Hydrogels can be classified based on cross-linking (chemical/physical) and physical state (e.g., amorphous, crystalline).

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogels are versatile materials with broad applications in various fields.
  • Continued research is expanding the capabilities and uses of hydrogels.
  • Future prospects for hydrogels include advancements in smart materials and biomedical engineering.