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Related Concept Videos

Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Animal Models of Depression - Chronic Despair Model CDM
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Cortical Plasticity in Depression.

Mariagiovanna Cantone1, Alessia Bramanti2, Giuseppe Lanza1

  • 11 Department of Neurology IC, IRCCS " Oasi" Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Italy.

ASN Neuro
|June 21, 2017
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Summary

Neural plasticity, crucial for learning, is impaired in depression, affecting cognition. Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals disrupted brain plasticity in depressed patients, suggesting new therapeutic targets.

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cortical excitabilitymajor depressionmood disordersnon-invasive brain stimulationsynaptic plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Neural plasticity underpins learning and memory but is also implicated in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
  • Impaired brain plasticity may contribute to cognitive decline and major depression, with a bidirectional relationship between mood and cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of neural plasticity in depression.
  • To explore the utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in probing in vivo plasticity and cortical excitability in depression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to assess cortical excitability and neuroplasticity parameters.
  • Examined motor cortex excitability, intracortical circuitry, postexercise facilitation, and long-term potentiation-like responses in depressed patients.

Main Results:

  • Depressed patients showed significant interhemispheric differences in motor cortex excitability.
  • Evidence suggests imbalanced intracortical neurochemical circuitry and reduced plasticity, including impaired long-term potentiation-like responses.

Conclusions:

  • Dysfunctional neural plasticity is a potential pathophysiological mechanism in depression.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms and explore neuroplasticity modulation as a therapeutic strategy for depression.