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A New Clinical Pain Knowledge Test for Nurses: Development and Psychometric Evaluation.

Esther I Bernhofer1, Barbara St Marie2, James F Bena3

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A new Clinical Pain Knowledge Test was developed for nurses. The 23-item test effectively measures pain management knowledge in clinical nurses, identifying educational gaps and evaluating training outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing
  • Medical Education
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Nurses frequently manage patient pain, yet a validated knowledge assessment for postlicensure clinicians is lacking.
  • Existing surveys date back to 1987 and do not address current complex patient populations.
  • Accurate assessment of pain management knowledge is crucial for effective patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a psychometric instrument to measure the pain management knowledge of postlicensure nurses.
  • To create a reliable and valid test for assessing core pain management competencies.
  • To provide a tool for identifying educational needs in nursing pain management.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective survey design was employed, inviting registered nurses from four Midwestern hospitals to complete an electronic multiple-choice test.
  • Initial content validity was high (95.1% agreement) for the 36-item test.
  • Psychometric properties, including item difficulty, discrimination, reliability, and validity, were analyzed for the final 23-item test using data from 747 participants.

Main Results:

  • The initial test mean score was 69.4%, with significant revision needed.
  • The final 23-item Clinical Pain Knowledge Test demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties, including discrimination and reliability (split-half = 0.66).
  • A cut-score of 75% indicated high decision consistency, suggesting the test reliably identifies knowledge levels.

Conclusions:

  • The 23-item Clinical Pain Knowledge Test is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing pain management knowledge in general clinical inpatient nurses.
  • This test can be utilized to identify knowledge deficits, evaluate the effectiveness of pain management education programs, and measure research outcomes.
  • The instrument addresses the need for a current, validated tool to assess essential pain management competencies among practicing nurses.