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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
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Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice
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Osteoblast migration in vertebrate bone.

Antonia Thiel1, Marie K Reumann2, Adele Boskey3

  • 1Bone Cell and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany.

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
|June 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Osteoblasts migrate precisely to bone formation sites, guided by chemical signals and surface cues. Understanding this navigation is key to addressing bone diseases like osteoporosis.

Keywords:
bonecell migrationchemotaxisfluid flowmineralized surfacesosteoblasts

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In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biomineralization
  • Skeletal Biology

Background:

  • Bone formation relies on precise osteoblast spatial organization.
  • Osteoblast precursors migrate within bone to reach formation sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of osteoblast migration and navigation within bone.
  • To understand how osteoblasts sense and follow guidance cues for bone repair and remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro and in vivo studies in vertebrate models.
  • Analysis of cell-surface receptors, chemoattractant gradients, and haptotaxis.

Main Results:

  • Osteoblast migration is induced by cell adhesion and polarization.
  • Chemoattractants from osteoclasts and endothelial cells guide migration.
  • Surface composition and mechanical signals like fluid flow also influence navigation.

Conclusions:

  • Osteoblasts navigate using multiple cues, including chemotaxis and haptotaxis.
  • Dysfunctional osteoblast migration may contribute to metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis.