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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

872
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Regional Terms01:12

Regional Terms

16.5K
Regional terms describe anatomy by dividing the body parts into different regions that contain structures involved in contributing similar functions. Using these terms helps increase the accurate description and identification of the particular region of interest or region affected by the disease.
Primarily, the human body has two major regions, the axial and appendicular regions. The axial region comprises regions from the head to the abdomen and makes up the central body axis. In contrast,...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Nerve Stimulator-guided Injection of Autologous Stem Cells Near the Equine Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
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Regional Nerve Blocks for Equine Dentistry.

Molly K Rice1

  • 11 Midwest Veterinary Dental Services, Elkhorn, WI, USA.

Journal of Veterinary Dentistry
|June 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Regional nerve blocks are essential for equine oral surgery in standing horses. This guide details four common blocks: infraorbital, maxillary, middle mental, and inferior alveolar, ensuring effective anesthesia for dental procedures.

Keywords:
equinehorseinferior alveolar nerveinfraorbital nervelocal anesthesiamaxillary nervemiddle mental nervenerve blockregional anesthesia

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Equine Surgery
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Regional nerve blocks are crucial for standing equine oral surgery.
  • Effective anesthesia is vital for patient comfort and surgical success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide step-by-step instructions for common regional nerve blocks in horses.
  • To detail techniques for infraorbital, maxillary, middle mental, and inferior alveolar nerve blocks.

Main Methods:

  • Aseptic preparation of injection sites.
  • Detailed procedural descriptions for four key equine dental nerve blocks.
  • Guidance on needle placement for targeted anesthesia.

Main Results:

  • Infraorbital and maxillary nerve blocks provide anesthesia for maxillary dental procedures.
  • Inferior alveolar nerve blocks anesthetize mandibular quadrants.
  • Specific techniques ensure appropriate anesthesia for various dental procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Mastery of these regional nerve blocks is essential for equine oral surgery.
  • Accurate technique ensures effective anesthesia and successful dental procedures in standing horses.