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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

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Anabolic steroids for treating pressure ulcers.

Cho Naing1, Maxine A Whittaker

  • 1College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.

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|June 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study found very low-quality evidence regarding anabolic steroids for pressure ulcer healing. More research is needed to determine benefits and harms of these treatments for bed sores.

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Area of Science:

  • Wound Healing Research
  • Pharmacological Interventions
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Pressure ulcers (bed sores) are localized injuries to skin and tissue, often over bony prominences.
  • They commonly affect individuals with prolonged immobility, such as wheelchair or bed confinement.
  • Anabolic steroids are explored off-label as adjuncts to standard treatments for pressure ulcers due to their potential to stimulate protein synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy and safety of anabolic steroids in the treatment of pressure ulcers.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of multiple databases and clinical trial registries was conducted in March 2017.
  • Included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing anabolic steroids with alternative treatments or different anabolic steroids for pressure ulcers.
  • Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers.

Main Results:

  • One trial with 212 participants (mostly males with spinal cord injury and stage III/IV pressure ulcers) compared oxandrolone to placebo.
  • Very low-certainty evidence suggests uncertainty regarding oxandrolone's effect on complete ulcer healing (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.26).
  • Low-certainty evidence indicates a potential increase in non-serious adverse events with oxandrolone (RR 3.85, 95% CI 1.12 to 13.26); very low-certainty evidence exists for serious adverse events.

Conclusions:

  • There is a lack of high-quality evidence to support the use of anabolic steroids for treating pressure ulcers.
  • Further well-designed, multicenter trials are needed to evaluate the benefits and harms.
  • Careful consideration of the limitations and early termination of the current trial is crucial for future research planning.