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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Cortical glutamate in migraine.

Ronald Zielman1, Jannie P Wijnen2,3, Andrew Webb2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|June 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Migraineurs without aura show higher visual cortex glutamate levels between attacks, suggesting increased cortical excitability. Glutamate mobility remained unchanged, indicating specific concentration changes contribute to migraine pathophysiology.

Keywords:
diffusion weighted spectroscopyglutamatemagnetic resonance spectroscopymigraine

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Cortical hyperexcitability linked to glutamate is suspected in migraine.
  • Direct evidence for altered glutamate in migraineurs between attacks is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate interictal glutamate levels and mobility in the visual cortex of migraineurs.
  • To explore the role of glutamate in migraine pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 7 Tesla 1H-MRS and diffusion weighted spectroscopy in 50 migraineurs and 24 controls.
  • Measured absolute glutamate concentrations and diffusion coefficients in the visual cortex.
  • Analyzed data using ANCOVA with grey matter fraction and Bonferroni correction.

Main Results:

  • Glutamate concentrations were significantly higher in migraineurs without aura compared to controls (P = 0.042).
  • Glutamate mobility (apparent diffusion coefficient) was similar across all groups (P = 0.129).
  • No significant differences were found for other measured metabolites.

Conclusions:

  • Interictal glutamate levels are elevated in the visual cortex of migraineurs without aura.
  • Findings support the hypothesis of cortical hyperexcitability in migraine.
  • Specific increases in glutamate concentration, not mobility, may contribute to migraine pathogenesis.