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An update on Zika vaccine developments.

Anna Durbin1, Annelies Wilder-Smith2,3,4

  • 1a Center for Immunization Research , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.

Expert Review of Vaccines
|June 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Global efforts are underway to develop Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccines, with 45 candidates in development. Challenges remain due to declining cases and ethical considerations for trials in pregnant women.

Keywords:
DNA vaccinesZikaZika vaccinechimeric vaccinesdenguelive attenuated virusmRNA vaccinespurified inactivated virussub-unit proteinvaccine development

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has severe consequences, prompting a global health response.
  • Extensive research has focused on understanding ZIKV epidemiology and pathogenesis.
  • Significant efforts are dedicated to developing effective ZIKV vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine development.
  • To highlight the diverse vaccine platforms being explored.
  • To discuss challenges and considerations for ZIKV vaccine implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ongoing Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine research and development.
  • Analysis of traditional and novel vaccine platforms utilized.
  • Examination of World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and target product profiles.

Main Results:

  • Currently, 45 Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine candidates are in development.
  • Both traditional (inactivated, live-attenuated, viral-vectored, subunit) and novel (DNA, RNA, mRNA) platforms are employed.
  • Vaccines are being designed for emergency use, including for women of child-bearing age, and for future childhood immunization.

Conclusions:

  • Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine development has progressed rapidly, utilizing a wide array of platforms.
  • Further development may be hindered by a decrease in global ZIKV cases, making large efficacy trials difficult.
  • Ethical considerations, particularly regarding trials in pregnant women, present significant challenges for ZIKV vaccine deployment.