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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly
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Case Report: Three-Dimensional Printed Model for Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis.

Mobolaji O Ajao1, Nisse V Clark1, Tatiana Kelil2

  • 1Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology
|June 22, 2017
PubMed
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Three-dimensional (3D) printing of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) models from MRI scans can improve surgical planning. These models offer a clearer spatial understanding of DIE compared to traditional 2D imaging.

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Surgical Planning
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Preoperative planning for deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) relies on physical examination and imaging (MRI, pelvic ultrasound).
  • Two-dimensional (2D) imaging may not fully represent the complex spatial relationships and extent of DIE, potentially impacting surgical accuracy.

Observation:

  • A 49-year-old patient with endometriosis underwent MRI revealing DIE.
  • A 3D printed model was created from the MRI data to visualize the DIE.
  • The 3D model was retrospectively compared with intraoperative surgical findings.

Findings:

  • The 3D model accurately depicted the laterality and spatial relationship of the endometriotic nodule to adjacent structures, including the posterior uterine wall and rectum.
  • This visualization surpassed the anatomical detail provided by standard 2D imaging.
Keywords:
Deep infiltrating endometriosisSurgical planningThree-dimensional printing

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Implications:

  • Three-dimensional printing of DIE models can serve as a valuable adjunct to conventional 2D imaging.
  • Enhanced visualization of structural relationships through 3D models can significantly support and improve surgical planning for DIE.
  • This technology has the potential to refine surgical approaches and improve patient outcomes in DIE management.