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Related Concept Videos

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

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Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
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Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

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Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
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Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management01:30

Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...
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Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

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The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
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Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Neonatal Venous Thromboembolism.

Kristina M Haley1

  • 1Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|June 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increasing, especially in critically ill infants. Unique neonatal hemostasis and risk factors necessitate specialized diagnostic and treatment approaches distinct from adults.

Keywords:
developmental hemostasisneonatal thrombosisneonatal venous thromboembolismrenal vein thrombosisthrombophilia

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Thrombosis Research

Background:

  • Neonates, particularly the critically ill, face a rising incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), nearly tripling in two decades.
  • Risk factors include central lines, sepsis, and unique neonatal hemostatic system differences, fulfilling Virchow's triad criteria.
  • The distinct physiology of neonatal hemostasis, including platelet function and protein concentrations, creates a unique hemostatic balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, and treatment of neonatal venous thromboembolism (VTE).
  • To highlight the unique aspects of the neonatal hemostatic system contributing to VTE risk.
  • To emphasize the need for specialized VTE management in neonates, distinct from adult and older pediatric guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neonatal venous thromboembolism (VTE).
  • Analysis of epidemiological trends and risk factors in neonates.
  • Examination of the pathophysiology, focusing on the developmental hemostatic system.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic modalities and current treatment recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal VTE incidence has significantly increased, particularly in critically ill infants.
  • The neonatal hemostatic system is developmentally distinct, predisposing neonates to VTE.
  • Ultrasound reliability for VTE diagnosis in neonates is limited by vessel size and low pulse pressure.
  • Thrombophilia testing is unlikely to alter management in neonates and requires further study.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal VTE requires tailored management due to unique physiological factors and bleeding risks.
  • Current treatment guidelines for older populations cannot be extrapolated to neonates.
  • Further research is needed on thrombophilia testing and optimized VTE treatment strategies in this population.