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In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
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Circular RNAs: Biogenesis, Function and Role in Human Diseases.

John Greene1,2, Anne-Marie Baird1,3,4,5, Lauren Brady1

  • 1Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|June 22, 2017
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Summary

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA, regulate gene expression and are implicated in cancer. These stable molecules show potential as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs forming closed loops, distinct from linear RNAs.
  • Initially dismissed as splicing errors, circRNAs are now recognized for significant gene regulatory roles.
  • They are abundant, stable, conserved, and function as miRNA sponges or RNA-binding protein scaffolds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles of circRNAs in gene regulation.
  • To investigate the involvement of circRNAs in cancer initiation and progression.
  • To highlight circRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of circRNA biogenesis through backsplicing and lariat intron formation.
  • Investigation of circRNA interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins.
  • Examination of circRNA expression patterns in tumor versus normal tissues.
  • Identification of fusion-circRNAs in cancer and assessment of their drug resistance implications.
  • Exploration of circRNA translation into functional proteins.

Main Results:

  • circRNAs are abundant, evolutionarily conserved, and stable in the cytoplasm.
  • They regulate gene expression transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally via miRNA interactions.
  • circRNAs are often downregulated in tumors due to splicing errors, miRNA degradation, or reduced cell proliferation.
  • Fusion-circRNAs are linked to drug resistance in cancer.
  • Evidence suggests some circRNAs can be translated into proteins.

Conclusions:

  • circRNAs are crucial regulators of gene expression with diverse functions.
  • Their dysregulation in cancer highlights their role in disease development.
  • circRNAs represent promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.