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Antibiotic Concentrations Decrease during Wastewater Treatment but Persist at Low Levels in Reclaimed Water.

Prachi Kulkarni1, Nathan D Olson2,3, Greg A Raspanti4

  • 1Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, 4200 Valley Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA. prachik@umd.edu.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|June 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low concentrations of antibiotics persist in reclaimed water used for irrigation, even after treatment. Further research is needed to understand the public health implications of these persistent antibiotic residues.

Keywords:
antibioticsliquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometrypublic healthreclaimed waterwastewater treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Freshwater scarcity necessitates exploring alternative water sources like reclaimed water for irrigation.
  • Limited data exist on the persistence and fate of antibiotics in reclaimed water used for agricultural and landscape irrigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the concentrations and persistence of nine common antibiotics in reclaimed water across different treatment stages and geographic regions.
  • To assess the impact of wastewater treatment processes and spray irrigation on antibiotic levels in reclaimed water.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 72 wastewater and reclaimed water samples from treatment plants and an irrigation site in the Mid-Atlantic and Midwest U.S. regions.
  • Quantification of nine antibiotics (ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, linezolid, oxacillin, oxolinic acid, penicillin G, pipemidic acid, and tetracycline) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
  • Statistical analysis using Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon and Kruskal Wallis tests to compare antibiotic concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Antibiotic concentrations were generally lower in effluent than in influent samples.
  • Mid-Atlantic treatment plants showed lower effluent antibiotic concentrations compared to Midwest plants.
  • Azithromycin was the most frequently detected antibiotic; UV treatment at the irrigation site did not significantly alter antibiotic concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Low-level antibiotic concentrations are present in reclaimed water intended for irrigation.
  • Wastewater treatment effectively reduces, but does not eliminate, antibiotic residues.
  • The long-term ecological and public health risks associated with irrigating with antibiotic-containing reclaimed water require further investigation.