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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

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Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
2.0K
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
1.5K
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

1.4K
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

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[Neurodevelopmental disorders in children with epilepsy].

N N Zavadenko1, A A Kholin1, A N Zavadenko1

  • 1Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Heath of Russian Federation, Moscow.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|June 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Children with epilepsy often experience neurodevelopmental disorders. Specific conditions link epileptiform electroencephalogram (EEG) activity with developmental issues, even without seizures, requiring tailored treatments.

Keywords:
ADHDadolescentschildrendevelopmental disordersdevelopmental dysphasiaepilepsyepileptic encephalopathieshopantenic acid

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Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders are more common in children with epilepsy.
  • Epileptic encephalopathies present with developmental delay and skill regression.
  • A significant challenge arises when neurodevelopmental disorders coincide with epileptiform EEG activity but lack clinical seizures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review conditions where neurodevelopmental disorders and epileptiform EEG activity coexist.
  • To highlight specific syndromes like electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep, pseudo-Lennox syndrome, and Landau-Kleffner syndrome.
  • To discuss epilepsy combined with subclinical epileptiform EEG activity and developmental dysphasia or ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and clinical case analysis.
  • Examination of specific epilepsy syndromes associated with neurodevelopmental impairments.
  • Analysis of EEG findings in relation to clinical presentation and developmental outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Several epilepsy syndromes are characterized by the association of neurodevelopmental disorders and epileptiform EEG activity.
  • Conditions discussed include electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep, pseudo-Lennox syndrome, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, and others.
  • Subclinical epileptiform EEG activity can be associated with developmental dysphasia and ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment is crucial.
  • Nootropic drugs, such as hopantenic acid, that do not exacerbate epileptiform activity are recommended.
  • Integrated management addressing both epilepsy and neurodevelopmental aspects is essential for affected children.