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Mixtures of Acids03:27

Mixtures of Acids

22.2K
The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
22.2K
Mixtures of Acids01:19

Mixtures of Acids

1.2K
The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending on the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
In a strong and weak acid mixture, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions present in the solution. In contrast, the weak acid shows...
1.2K
Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

7.7K
Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
7.7K
Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides01:18

Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides

9.0K
Carboxylic acids react with SOCl2 or PCl5 to form acid chlorides. Amongst the carboxylic acid derivatives, acid chlorides are the most reactive and synthetically important derivatives. They are useful reagents for Friedel–Crafts acylation of some aromatic compounds.
9.0K
Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides02:17

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

5.8K
Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry,...
5.8K
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

5.9K
Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
5.9K

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Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants
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Does H4SO5 exist?

Fernando Murillo1, Alba Vargas-Caamal, Sudip Pan

  • 1Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yuc., Mexico. gmerino@cinvestav.mx.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|June 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Para-sulfuric acid (H4SO5) is highly unstable in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions. Its dehydration is nearly barrierless due to catalysis by water and sulfuric acid, preventing its existence in solution.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • The stability of chemical species in solution is crucial for understanding reaction mechanisms.
  • Para-sulfuric acid (H4SO5) has been theoretically proposed but its existence in aqueous environments remains uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the stability and potential existence of para-sulfuric acid (H4SO5) in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions.
  • To investigate the dehydration pathways and energetic barriers of H4SO5.

Main Methods:

  • Computational analysis of free energy barriers for H4SO5 transformation.
  • Simulation of Raman spectra to detect H4SO5.
  • Investigation of gas-phase dehydration mechanisms, including autocatalysis.

Main Results:

  • The free energy barrier for H4SO5 transformation into a H2SO4H2O complex is very low (3.8 kcal mol-1).
  • Water and sulfuric acid significantly catalyze the dehydration of H4SO5, making it almost barrierless.
  • Gas-phase dehydration is autocatalytic, and simulated Raman spectra indicate H4SO5 is absent in solution.

Conclusions:

  • Para-sulfuric acid (H4SO5) is a highly unstable species in aqueous sulfuric acid.
  • The presence of water and sulfuric acid readily promotes the decomposition of H4SO5.
  • Computational and spectroscopic evidence supports the absence of H4SO5 in solution.