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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

384
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
384
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
336
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

289
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

381
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
381
Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules01:18

Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules

380
Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

423
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Assess Taste Detection Thresholds in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: The Taste Detection Threshold TDT Test
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Patency Capsule Tolerability in School-Aged Children.

Daisuke Tokuhara1, Kenji Watanabe, Yuki Cho

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.

Digestion
|June 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patency capsule (PC) ingestion is challenging for some school-aged children. Height is a key factor in predicting ingestion difficulty, suggesting pre-assessment is needed before capsule endoscopy (CE).

Keywords:
Capsule endoscopyChildrenIngestionPatency capsule

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Medical Device Technology
  • Diagnostic Procedures

Background:

  • A patency capsule (PC) is used to predict capsule endoscope (CE) retention.
  • PC tolerability in children is not well-established.
  • This study evaluates PC tolerability in school-aged children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the tolerability and predict factors for ingestion difficulty of patency capsules in school-aged children.
  • To compare the ease of ingesting patency capsules versus capsule endoscopes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 61 school-aged children undergoing patency capsule examination.
  • Defined ingestion difficulty as taking 30 minutes or longer, or failure, to ingest the PC.
  • Analyzed occurrence and determinants of ingestion difficulty, including age and height.

Main Results:

  • 64% of patients successfully ingested the PC without difficulty.
  • Younger and shorter children experienced more ingestion difficulty (p=0.04 and p=0.003, respectively).
  • Height below 152 cm was the most significant predictor of PC ingestion difficulty; capsule endoscopy was easier to ingest than PC.

Conclusions:

  • Patency capsule ingestion is not universally successful in school-aged children.
  • Child's height and prior capsule ingestion experience should be considered before PC examination.
  • Capsule endoscopy may be perceived as easier to ingest than patency capsules.