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Long-Term Effects of High-Protein Diets on Renal Function
Anne-Lise Kamper1, Svend Strandgaard2
1Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
Annual Review of Nutrition
|June 23, 2017
Summary
High-protein diets may increase chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk, particularly from red meat. Further research is needed, but screening for CKD is advised before and during high-protein intake.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects ~13% of the population, often linked to diabetes and hypertension.
- The precise etiology of CKD is frequently unclear in population studies.
- Existing research suggests high-protein diets may accelerate CKD progression or even initiate kidney disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the potential impact of high-protein intake on CKD development and progression.
- To investigate whether the source of dietary protein influences CKD risk.
Main Methods:
- Review of experimental and observational human studies.
- Analysis of limited randomized trials, often with short observation periods (<6 months) or in CKD-prone populations.
Main Results:
- Red meat consumption is associated with increased CKD risk over time.
- White meat, dairy, and plant-based proteins (fruits, vegetables) show no similar adverse effects, with plant proteins potentially being renal-protective.
- Conflicting results from existing trials preclude definitive conclusions on long-term high-protein intake and kidney damage.
Conclusions:
- Current evidence suggests a potential concern regarding high-protein diets and kidney health.
- The source of protein appears to be a critical factor, with red meat posing a higher risk.
- Screening for CKD is recommended prior to and during prolonged high-protein dietary regimens.
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