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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
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Extended Infusion of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Children

Chad A Knoderer, Lauren C Karmire, Katie L Andricopulos

    The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT : the Official Journal of PPAG
    |June 23, 2017
    PubMed

    Insights

    Extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) showed high clinical cure rates in pediatric patients with Gram-negative infections. Younger, critically ill children were less likely to achieve cure, indicating a need for further research.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
    • Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
    • Antimicrobial Stewardship

    Background:

    • Extended-infusion piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) is effective in adults, but pediatric data are limited.
    • Understanding efficacy in children is crucial for optimizing antibiotic therapy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the clinical outcomes of pediatric patients treated with extended-infusion TZP.
    • To identify factors associated with treatment success or failure in children.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective case series of children (1 month to 17 years) with Gram-negative infections.
    • Received extended-infusion TZP between April 2011 and March 2012.
    • Primary outcome: 21-day clinical cure (infection resolution, negative cultures).

    Main Results:

    • Fifty children were included; median age 5 years.
    • 74% achieved 21-day clinical cure; 100% microbiologic cure.
    • Younger age and longer hospital stay were associated with treatment failure.

    Conclusions:

    • Extended-infusion TZP is effective in the majority of pediatric patients.
    • Younger, critically ill children may require closer monitoring or alternative strategies.
    • Further comparative studies are needed to optimize TZP dosing in children.
    Abstract

    Keywords:
    beta-lactamextended infusionoutcomespediatricspiperacillin/tazobactam

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