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Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Solubility03:00

Solubility

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
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Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
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Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

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When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
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Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
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Dissolution behaviour and activation of selenium in phosphonium based ionic liquids.

Tao Zhang1, Kai Schwedtmann, Jan J Weigand

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany. thomas.doert@tu-dresden.de.

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Grey selenium dissolves in phosphonium ionic liquids, forming trialkylphosphane selenides. These compounds act as a selenium source for creating metal selenides.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) offer tunable properties for chemical reactions.
  • Selenium's dissolution and reactivity are crucial for materials synthesis.
  • Phosphonium-based ILs are explored for novel chemical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the dissolution of grey selenium in phosphonium-based ionic liquids.
  • Characterize the reaction products formed during selenium dissolution.
  • Determine the potential of these ILs as selenium reservoirs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 31P and 77Se nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Performed dissolution experiments with grey selenium and phosphonium-based ILs.
  • Analyzed NMR spectra to identify reaction intermediates and products.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the first-time dissolution of grey selenium in phosphonium-based ILs.
  • Identified the formation of trialkylphosphane selenides as a key product.
  • Confirmed the role of these selenides as intermediates in selenium chemistry.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphonium-based ionic liquids effectively dissolve grey selenium.
  • Trialkylphosphane selenides are formed, acting as a selenium reservoir.
  • This work opens avenues for synthesizing metal selenides using ILs.