Assessment of left ventricular systolic function in patients with iron deficiency anemia by three-dimensional...

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Hematology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) can impact cardiac function.
• Left ventricular (LV) systolic function is crucial for overall cardiovascular health.
• Advanced echocardiographic techniques are needed to precisely evaluate cardiac function in IDA.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess left ventricular (LV) systolic function in patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) using 3-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE).
• To investigate the correlation between hemoglobin (Hb) levels and cardiac function in IDA patients.
• To identify sensitive echocardiographic parameters for detecting LV dysfunction in IDA.

Main Methods:

• Participants were categorized into healthy volunteers (Group A, n=40) and IDA patients (n=83) divided by Hb levels: Group B (Hb ≥ 9 g/dL, n=44) and Group C (Hb 6-9 g/dL, n=39).
• Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3D) was used to calculate LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), LV end-systolic volume (LVESV), LV mass index (LVMI), and LV ejection fraction (LVEF).
• 3DSTE was employed to obtain LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), global area strain (GAS), global radial strain (GRS), and global circumferential strain (GCS).

Main Results:

• Patients in Group C (Hb 6-9 g/dL) exhibited increased LVMI, LVEDV, and LVESV compared to Groups A and B.
• LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), global area strain (GAS), global radial strain (GRS), and global circumferential strain (GCS) were significantly decreased in Group C compared to Groups A and B (p<0.05).
• Global area strain (GAS) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) showed the most significant reductions (p<0.01).

Conclusions:

• Left ventricular (LV) remodeling and systolic dysfunction are present in IDA patients with hemoglobin levels between 6-9 g/dL.
• 3DSTE is a valuable tool for evaluating LV systolic function in IDA.
• Global area strain (GAS) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) are more sensitive indicators of cardiac dysfunction in IDA than other assessed parameters.